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European red squirrels numbers have dwindled in recent years, thanks to invasive gray squirrels from North America.
Which Are Smarter, Red Squirrels or Gray Squirrels? Science Weighs In
An experiment comparing cousins from across the pond may help explain a British squirrel invasion.
Ever since gray squirrels arrived in the U.K. from North America more than a century ago, numbers of Great Britain’s native red squirrels have begun to dwindle. Now scientists may have a clue as to why: Gray squirrels are better at problem-solving when it’s time for dinner.
The two closely related species share habitat and food sources, which makes them direct competitors. And gray squirrels’ craftiness may be helping them outcompete their smaller, reddish counterparts, researchers report in the journal Animal Behaviour.
To figure out how gray squirrels are outcompeting their British cousins, University of Exeter squirrel behavior expert Pizza Ka Yee Chow studied the twitchy-tailed rodents at both her university campus and on the Isle of Arran, off Scotland’s West Coast. Chow and colleagues tested the squirrels’ problem-solving abilities using two different puzzles, one simple and the other more complex. If the squirrels solved the puzzles, they got a tasty hazelnut.
The easy puzzle simply required the squirrel to open a clear plastic flap to get the food. The difficult puzzle had several more steps, including operating a lever, before the squirrel got its treat.
Both species did equally well at the simple puzzle, although they used different strategies. Gray squirrels tackled the puzzle with short, repeated attempts, often changing up their tactics when they tried again. The red squirrels made fewer attempts but spent more time with the puzzle.
Invasive North American gray squirrels do better at overcoming obstacles to get food, according to new research.
PHOTOGRAPH BY BRIAN GORDON GREEN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC CREATIVE
The difference emerged with the more challenging puzzle. Although 91 percent of the gray squirrels solved it, only 68 percent of the red squirrels did. Chow and her colleagues chalked the difference up to the gray squirrel’s ability to try new strategies to tackle the challenging task.
Which Are Smarter, Red or Gray Squirrels? Science Weighs In
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