Lots of ways to train a dog effectively. Leash training works well for walks, but if you have an aggressive dog (or a breed notorious for attacks), stronger tactics may be warranted and necessary. I have had dogs my whole life: Golden Retriver / Hungarian Visla mix (mutt), Pug, Olde English Bulldog, Staffordshire Terrier, Boxer, English Bulldog. Each required different tactics and levels of discipline to train them effectively and appropriately for their demeanor. There is no one size fits all model and no room for snowflake sensitivities if it is going to be done right. (That is a general statement - absolutely not directed at your comment
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@Never_Rolled )