Dave's Song of the Day
Sixteen Tons – Tennessee Ernie Ford
Thursday song of the day: Today’s song was inspired by stories of coal mining that the songwriter’s father had told him
Country singer and songwriter Merle Travis came from a family of Kentucky coal miners. In 1946 he wrote a song based on the lives of coal miners, centering particularly on the practices of mining companies that kept the workers indebted to them. One such method was the company owning the only general store in town, which would offer credit to company employees to buy necessities. Additionally, miners could get advances in “scrip” which were coins or notes that could only be spent at the company store. In this way, mining company employees would often become so in debt to the company that they could go years without actually being paid, with the company keeping their wages and putting it against the debt that they had accumulated. Naturally, this created a cycle where the miners had to continue borrowing from the company to survive, and the debt was rarely if ever paid off
Merle’s father had often told him, “I can’t afford to die. I owe my soul to the company store.” His father’s joke made it into the lyrics of
Sixteen Tons, altered slightly to “St. Peter don’t you call me, ‘cause I can’t go/I owe my soul to the company store.” The title
Sixteen Tons refers to the amount of coal the miner character of the song dug in a day of work. Travis recorded the song in August 1946 for his first album
Folk Songs of the Hills, but the record was not released until July 1947. The Merle Travis original contained a spoken interlude where he explained the company store concept. His album did not sell very well, but was very popular with other musicians, and has since become considered a classic.
One of the musicians who took notice was Ernest Jennings Ford, better known by the stage name Tennessee Ernie Ford. He recorded a cover of
Sixteen Tons in 1955. Ford was a country artist, but also had mainstream appeal. Earlier in 1955 he had a #4 country hit with
The Ballad of Davy Crockett, which also placed at #5 on the pop chart. (
Billboard did not consolidate their airplay and sales charts into the
Billboard Hot 100 until 1958.) Unlike the Merle Travis original, Ford’s version did not include the spoken word section, and instead of being backed by an acoustic guitar, Ernie kept the beat by snapping his fingers and the main musical accompaniment was provided by, of all things, a clarinet. Somehow it worked, and paired with Ernie’s baritone, made the song much darker that the Merle Travis version.
Tennessee Ernie Ford’s cover of
Sixteen Tons was a huge hit. It quickly rose to the #1 spot on the Country chart, and was a crossover hit as well at #1 on the Pop chart. It soon became Ford’s signature song and established him as a big star, paving the way for his own TV show on NBC.
The Ford Show [Since Ernie’s name was Ford, the Ford Motor Company saw an opportunity and sponsored his show. While he was no relation to the automotive Fords, it allowed the show’s title to refer to the sponsor as well as the star.] ran from 1956 to 1961, and even afterward, he was a frequent guest on other variety shows through the 1960s and 1970s.
Over 180 other artists have covered
Sixteen Tons in the years since it came a hit for Ernie Ford. These include versions by B.B. King, Stevie Wonder, Tom Jones, Johnny Cash, and many others. Even Chevy Chase recorded a version in 1980. My own introduction to the song came in the early 1960s when I was still a young child. Jimmy Dean (yeah, the sausage guy) recorded a version on his 1961 album
Big Bad John and Other Fabulous Songs and Tales. [his big hit
Big Bad John from that album was song of the day for September 1st, 2014 here:
Big Bad John – Jimmy Dean ] My parents had the album, so I heard it a lot in the early 1960s before I was even of kindergarten age. I didn’t hear the Tennessee Ernie Ford hit until a few years later, and the Merle Travis original until considerably later.
Tennessee Ernie Ford, 1955
View: https://youtu.be/BSvORvIjZiU
Merle Travis, 1947
View: https://youtu.be/3I15_KUsOzs
Jimmy Dean, 1961
View: https://youtu.be/GNND6jEb3uU
Tomorrow: Danger is double, pleasures are few