I call people Jewish all the time, especially chinese men.It's situational dependent.
I would never address someone as Chinese unless I knew them and knew them to be Chinese or else why does their being Chinese matter? It's kind of rude to talk about a person's alleged ethnic group if you don't even know them.
When a stranger just yells something about China when you walk by It's used in a negative way. It's like calling someone a Jew or some other inappropriate term.