I've seen some requests for a breakdown of how Kimbo escaped a seemingly very tight RNC by Shamrock en-route to winning their fight. The implication here seems to be that if Ken, a specialist in grappling for approximately the age of the universe, failed to finish a choke which was clearly there for the taking, it must be because he threw the fight.
First off, let me say I can't be 100% sure that Shamrock didn't want to lose that fight for one reason or another. In fact, my knee-jerk reaction to seeing it on TV was the same as a lot of people's, which was that something fishy was going on. But, having watched it again in slow motion, I'm now pretty confident that Ken was honestly trying to choke out Kimbo, but failed due to a combination of poor technique choice and good defensive tactics on Kimbo's part.
The trouble of course started with Ken's face-down back mount of Kimbo with both hooks in. Once he achieved this position, Ken starts off doing everything right: he uses a really mean cross-face on Kimbo's nose to raise Kimbo's chin, then slips his forearm underneath:
[1]
Seeing the above image, it's completely understandable to assume that Kimbo is done. Shamrock has his forearm flush against Kimbo's trachea, with no chin (or beard) in the way. Put simply, Kimbo is in deep shit here, or at least he would be, if Ken had not tried to finish the choke the way he did:
[2]
The problem here is the angle. Shamrock's right elbow is resting on Kimbo's right shoulder, when it should be directly under his Adam's apple. If Ken's elbow was centered, then squeezing like he's doing would put pressure on both of Kimbo's carotids using Ken's bicep and forearm. But as it is, all he's doing is pressing on Kimbo's windpipe, which despite being excruciatingly painful (judging from the look on Kimbo's face), wasn't cutting off the circulation to his brain.
For Ken to re-center the choke here is a tricky business. The problem is, due to the aforementioned angle and the bulky glove getting in his way, Ken's non-choking hand is stuck on Kimbo's forehead, instead of behind Kimbo's neck where it should be. This not only lessens the power of Ken's squeeze, but it gives Kimbo a convenient handle to pull himself free as soon as Ken loosens up to re-adjust his grip. So at this point, it seems reasonable to assume that Ken thought he'd have a better chance at just wailing as hard as he could with an imperfect choke, than trying for a better one and losing everything.
A much better solution for Ken would have been to use the variation of the RNC which uses a gable grip instead of the "classic" figure four grip. Surprisingly, this variation wasn't taught much in BJJ circles until relatively recently, when it was popularized by Marcelo Garcia (those inclined can see him using it
a lot in this
video[3] ). However, for applications in an MMA context, one cannot find a better example than Demian Maia's insane choke-out of Rick Story:
[4]
Notice here how Maia's elbow is "off-center," similar to Ken's. But due to the change of grip and the direction he's applying pressure (to be precise, he's pulling his right elbow backward instead of squeezing his elbows together), Maia has turned Story's chin to his right, effectively re-centering the choke without changing his body orientation.
Anyway, what happened next in the Ken vs. Kimbo fight is very much to Kimbo's credit. He did exactly what he should have: grabbed Ken's exposed hand on his forehead and pulled it down, while simultaneously rolling onto his left side:
[5]
Being on the left side is important because Shamrock is choking with his right arm. While it's not impossible to finish a RNC when your opponent is lying on the opposite side, it's much easier on the choker to have their choking arm on the bottom, because any attempt by the chokee to roll toward his attacker to escape will cause the choke to tighten, rather than unwind (and rolling away from the attacker will usually just put them back in a belly-down back mount).
More importantly though, once Kimbo has a grip on Shamrock's other arm, the choke is essentially gone. One-armed rear nakeds do exist, but I've never seen one pulled off in serious competition when an opponent has control of one of the attacker's limbs.
Now, there has been some talk about how Shamrock made Kimbo's escape easier by crossing his ankles, thus taking away the hooks and letting Kimbo roll. In BJJ, crossing the ankles in that position is considered a major fuck-up, as it enables a rather painful counter ankle lock, but the reality of the situation is a bit more of a gray area (at a high level, I have seen guys cross their ankles so that their opponent focuses on trying to ankle lock them instead of remembering to defend the choke, and one mustn't forget, as demonstrated above, that causing someone a lot of pain isn't always a way to win the fight). But the fact is, once Ken's other arm is compromised to that degree, with Kimbo already near getting his back on the mat, Shamrock can't do anything to save the position, hooks or no hooks. Shamrock sees this coming and makes a game attempt to switch into the mount, but is ultimately out-wrestled (or out-muscled) by Kimbo, and the rest is history.
So, returning to the original question, is this whole wall of text evidence in favor of or against Ken throwing the fight? I guess that depends on your assessment of him and his abilities.
Look at Demian Maia: he spent years training only for grappling, winning the BJJ Pan Ams and ADCC, putting out instructional DVD sets about the latest developments in BJJ, and
sparring with Marcelo Garcia[6] . Crucially, he usually trains in grappling wearing MMA gloves, because he is aware of how the gloves prevent certain techniques from working and wants to make sure his instinct is to use technique variations which work around them.
Now compare to Shamrock. Ken is a legend, but he's old school. He learned the rear naked choke sometime in the Pleistocene epoch and has likely been tapping guys in the gym ever since with chokes very much like the one he put on Kimbo, because most gym guys don't want to experience the kind of pain Kimbo went through. While Ken has probably encountered and learned six dozen RNC variations in his time, there's a big difference between "knowing" a technique and really drilling it to the point where it becomes an automatic reaction during a time of intense stress.
So what's more likely? That Ken fell back on a move he's familiar with but which uses brute force, and Kimbo toughed it out and took advantage to escape, or that Ken saw an opportunity to finish using the gable grip, but decided instead to use an extremely painful but lower-percentage finish in order to give Kimbo the chance to escape, and thus throw the fight?
You decide.